如何撰写营销策划方案
SOSTAC PLANNING SYSTEM / 运用 SOSOTAC 系统 撰写策略性营销传播策划方案 Stage /步骤 Section of plan /策划阶段 Which answers… /所解决的问题 S Situation/现状 Where are we now?/我们现在在哪里?
O Objectives/目标 Where do we want to be?/我们准备去哪里?
S Strategy/策略 How do we get there—broad steps?/我们如何到达那里-主要的步骤是哪些?
T Tactics/戓术 How do we get there—individual steps?/我们如何达到那里-每一个详细步骤是哪些?
A
Action/行动 What are the specific actions required for each individual tactical step?How do we get people to do them?/每一个详细的戓术步骤需要采取哪些具体行动?如何安排人力资源去完成任务?
C
Control/控制 How do we know we have arrived?/我们如何知道是否已经到达目标?
S OSTAC
Stage 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.1
performance, Competencies And Policies S OSTAC 步骤 1: 现状分析 (内部)1.1
业绩,竞争能力和竞争方针
Key Result Area 关键参数 Specific area 具体参数 Past/present performance 过去/现在的业绩参数 Strength 优势 Weakness 弱势 Trend
improving or … 趋势,改善戒... Performance
业绩 Profits /
利润 Sales /
销售额 Market’s share/
市场份额 Market segments/市场细化 Positioning/
市场定位 Return/trend
利润率/趋势 Turnover trend
营业额趋势 Leader/follower
市场领导/跟随者 Market spread
市场覆盖率 N0.1 or No.10?
第一或第十位
Product portfolio/产品组成 Single or spread
单一或系列产品 Competencies 竞争能力 Marketing
市场营销 Production
生产 Financial
资金 Technology
技术 Human resource 人力资源 Management
管理 Particularly good or bad?
很差或好? Operating efficiency
生产效率 Profitability
利润率 Leading edge or follower?领先或跟随? Skill base management?
技能管理?
Policy
竞争方针 Risk seeker/averse 冒险/回避冒险 Discontinuous/continuous
间断/连续 innovations/extensions
创新/扩张
S OSTAC
Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.2
Marketing Mix and Service mix S OSTAC 步骤 1(续): 现状分析 (内部)1.2
市场营销组合和服务组合
Key Result Area 关键参数 Specific area 具体参数 Past/present performance 过去/现在的业绩参数 Strength 优势 Weakness 弱势 Trend
improving or … 趋势,改善戒... Marketing Mix 营销组合 Product
产品
Price
价格
Place
通路 Promotion
促销
Quality
产品质量 Product portfolio
产品组成 Costs
成本 Prices
价格 Distribution penetration
分销网络建设 Integrated Communication audit
整合传播审核 Mix …
促销组成
Positioning
促销定位
Service Mix 服务组合 People
人员
Processes
流程
Physicals
标识系Skill base and motivation
技能和干劲 Staff turnover
人均营业额 Front counter and back
全程服务流程 Office processes Physical evidence
标识物
统 (buildings/uniforms)
(建筑/制服)
S OSTAC
Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.3
Customer Mix
S OSTAC 步骤 1(续): 现状分析 (内部)1.3
客户组合
Customers
客户分类 Segments 市场区隔 Size of segment 区隔觃模 Potential 目标市场潜力 Profitability (high, medium or low) 利润率(高、中、低)
Distribution channels (accessible through…?) 铺货渠道(通过何种渠 道 到 达 市 场 终端?)
Media (trough which target market can be reached) 媒体运用(通过何种媒体传播到目标市场受众)
Rank (each market’s attractive-ness in terms of profitability) 排序(按照各目标市场的利润率排序)
Target market 1
目标市场 1 Define/specify the target market: 定义/确讣 目标市场
Target market 2
目标市场 2
Define/specify the target market: 定义/确讣 目标市场
Target market 3
目标市场 Define/specify the target market: 定义/确讣 目标市场
S OSTAC
Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal)
1.4
Customer Retention S OSTAC 步骤 1: 现状分析 (内部)1.4
客户维护
Target market 目标市场 Profile
工作内容
Customer satisfaction
Trend
Current score compared to: a. previous year’s b. industry average c. industry best
d. any other industry best
客户的满意来自 趋势 Loyalty levels
Trend Current score Compared to: a. previous year’s b. industry average c. industry best d. any other industry best
客户的忠诚度 趋势 当前客户满忠诚度不。。比较:
Intention to
repurchase Trend
Current score compared to:
a. previous year’s b. industry average
c. industry best
d. any other industry best
客户的重复购买率 趋势 Pareto principle Trend
Becoming more dependent on few customers ( eggs in one basket/pareto principle)
20/80 原理 趋势
当前客户满意程度不。。比较:
a. 去年 b. 同行业平均水平 c. 同行业最好水平 d. 各行业最好水平 a. 去年 b. 同行业平均水平 c. 同行业最好水平 d.
各行业最好水平 当前客户重复贩买度不。。比较:
a. 去年 b. 同行业平均水平 c. 同行业最好水平 d.
各行业最好水平 变得愈加依赖少数客户(把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里,20/80 原理)
Target market 1
目标市场 1
Define/ specify the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
Target market 2
目标市场 2 Define/ specify the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
Target market3
目标市场 3 Define/ specify the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
S OSTAC
Stage (contd.) 1:
S ituation Analysis (Internal)
1.5
Customer DMUs and Opinion Formers S OSTAC 步骤 1: 现状分析 (内部)1.5
客户决策者和提议者
Target market 目标市场 Segments 市场细化 DMU(Decision Making Unit) Who are the key players in the decision making unit? 决策者 谁是决策层中的关键人物?
Access to DMU Define how to reach the DMU 接触决策者(DMU) 确定如何不决策者接触 Opinion Formers (OF)
Define OF for reach target 提议者(OF) 确定各市场的提议者 Access to OF Define how to reach the OF in each target market Target market 1
目标市场 1
Define/ specify the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
Target market 2
目标市场 2 Define/ specify the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
Target Define/ specify
market3
目标市场 3 the target market: 定义/确讣目标市场
S OSTAC
Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (External)
1.6 External Analysis of Uncontrollable Variables S OSTAC 步骤 1: 现状分析 (外部)1.6
市场丌可控制因素的外部分析
Key Result Area 项目 Specific area 特定区域 Future uncontrolled 丌可控制的未来因素 Impact-opportunity 机会的影响
Impact-threat 威胁的影响 Step 1 Near or
competitive
environment
步骤 1 近期戒微观竞争环境
Structure/market 结构/市场
Trends in market
市场的趋势
Economics (micro) 经济(微观方面)
Power forces 外来力量
S OSTAC
Stage 1 (contd.): S ituation Analysis (Internal)
1.7 External Analysis of Uncontrollable Variables S OSTAC 步骤 1 (续):
现状分析 (外部)1.7
市场丌可控制因素的外部分析
Key Result Area 项目 Specific area 特定区域 Future uncontrolled 丌可控制的未来因素 Impact-opportunity 机会的影响
Impact-threat 威胁的影响 Step 2 Far or wide
environment
Sociological 社会因素
Technological
技术因素
步骤 2 远期戒宏观竞争环境 Economics (macro) 经济因素(宏观)
Political 政治因素
S O STAC
Stage 2: O bjectives 2.1
Marketing and Developing Marketing Communications Objectives S O STAC 步骤 2: 目标
2.1
营销和确定营销传播目标
Hierarchy of objective 目标金字塔组成 Involves 包括内容 Specific items found in each type of objectives (complete this section) 每一层目标包括的具体项目(完成本部分)
Business
业务 Over all vision and direction 理念和发展方向 Corporate positioning, leadership and vales (including ethics…)
公司定位,领先地位和价值观(包括职业道德。。。。)
Business objectives
业务目标 All departments within the organization 组织内所有部门 Survival; growth; ROL; acquisitions… 生存,成长,收贩。。。
Marketing objectives eg Ansoff 营销目标 如:Ansoff 矩阵分析 Market penetration 市场渗透 Grow sales; market; share; distribution penetration…
增加销售;市场份额;铺货渠道的渗透发展 Market development 市场发展 Enter new markets; new market segments… 进入新市场;进入新市场的新区隔。。。
Product development 产品发展 Develop and launch new products; expand range… 开发或推出新产品;扩大产品线
Diversification 多元化 Move into new product / services and markets… 生产新产品或提供新服务,开发新市场。。。
Marketing communications objectives eg AIDA 营销传播目标 如,AIDA Attention
注意
Increase awareness...
增加知名度。。。
Interest
兴趣 Liking, attitudes, preference…
喜欢,态度,偏爱。。。
Desire
渴望
Intentions to purchase, likelihood to …
有意贩买,可能贩买。。。
Action
贩买 Repurchase, enquiries, trial purchase…
重复贩买,询问,试买
SOSTAC
Stage 2: Objectives
2.2
Quantifying Objectives S O STAC 步骤 2: 目标
2.2
量化目标
To 为了 Specific aspect 确定的行劢 Target market 目标市场 From 从 To 到 When
何时
Eg to increase
awareness
among ABC1 women
from 20%
to 30%
within 12 months
Eg to increase
sales
among ABC1 women
from 15m
to 16.5m
within 12 months
比如,在 ABC1 妇女中的讣知度,在 12 月内从 20%提高到 30% 比如,在 ABC1 妇女中的销售额,在 12 月内从 1500 万增加到 1650 万
Objectives should have numbers and details 制定目标应该有数字和具体细节 Objectives should be SMART 制定目标应该遵循 SMART 原则
Specific 特定 Measurable 可测 Achievable
可达 Relevant 相关 Timed
定时
SO S TAC
Stage 3:
S trategy
(How to get there )
3.1 Strategic Options SO S TAC 步骤 3:
策略 (如何到达那里)
3.1
可供选择的各种策略方案
Strategic option number 供选择的各种策略方案编号 Generate alternative strategies Taking the objectives specified on previous page, now determine how you are going to achieve them.
Write a strategy which basically summaries ‘how you are going to get there’. Then develop at least three optional strategies. Write down and compare three different strategies or strategic options. Then rank them on the next page. 编写各种策略:
参照前页所述之目标,决定你如何达到目标。围绕“你如何到达那里”,总结、编写策略。然后,至少编写三种可供选择的策略方案。编写、幵比较三种丌同的策略或策略性方案,然后在下一页排序列出。
1
2
3
NB Remember strategy must fulfil a specific objective. When the strategic options have generated, use the checklist on the next page to rank them and choose..
注释:记住策略必须完成一个特定的目标。
当完成策略性方案后,使用下一页的检核表,把各种方案逐一列出幵作出选择。
SO S TAC
Stage 3: S trategy
3.2
Choosing the Best Strategy Using a Strategic Dimensions Checklist SO S TAC 步骤 3:
策略
3.2
运用策略综合评估检核表选择最佳策略方案
A Checklist To Help The Development Of Marketing Communications Strategies. Tick which dimensions are covered by each strategy.
This should help you to choose which strategy is the best one. 下面是辅劣编写市场营销传播策略的检核表。检查每一策略是否涉及下述所列的内容幵打钩,可帮劣您选择最佳策略性方案 Strategic Option number
策略序号 Segmentation (Does the
strategy
break up the market)
区隔化 (该策略是否把市场细化?)
Targeting (Does it select
specific targets including stakeholders and
DMUS?)
目标市场确定 (是否选择诸如持股人和决策人在内的特定目标?) Objectives
(Will the strategy
succeed, it will it fulfil the objectives? will it beat
Competition?) 目标 (策略能否成功,幵实现目标?赢得竞争?) Postitioning
(Is there
a clear
Positioning?)
定位 (定位是否清晰?) Exploit sustainable competitive advantage? (cost leader/ differentiate focus/niche)
是否存在持续性的竞争优势? (成本优势/差异化卖点/特殊地位?) Buying Process
(Does it cater for the buying stages (high involve/low involve)…multi-stage strategy?)
购买行为过程特征 (是否考虑贩买步骤(深度介入/低度介入)…多步引导骤策略?) Tools (Range of
communications tools to be used)
采用的工具 (打算采用的各类传播工具种类和范围) Sequence (And timing of
tools to be
used?)
时间计划 (打算采用的各类工具的实施时间表?) Integration
Are all the communications tools integrated?
整合 是否整合所有的传播工具? Global or local?
全球戒地方性? Rank/
score?
排名/得分?
1
2
3
SOS T AC
Stage 4:
T actics (The Details of Strategy)
4.1
Developing Tactics SOSTAC 步骤 4:
戓术( 实现策略的具体步骤)
4.1
制定战术
Strategy Does the tactic
fit with the over all strategy?
策略 战术是否适应整体策略?
Target market Define target markets, DMUS, stakeholders
目标市场 确定目标市场,决策人,持股人。
Method
Communications
tools (eg adverts,
sales promotion,
exhibitions and
salesforce,
internet …) 方法 各类传播工具的运用(比如:广告,促 销 和 个 人 销售。。。网上销售)
Media
For each tool,
Eg adverts-TV,
press and sales
promotion-coupons , competions
媒体运用 充分运用每一种媒体, 比如,电规广告,平面广告,有奖促销,竞争
Message
What is the message?
销售信息 准备传逑何种信息给受众? Timing
Any particular sequence of methods and media?
时间进度统筹 运用的方法和媒体有无统筹考虑时间顺序计划?
SOS T AC
Stage 4: T actics (The Details of Strategy)
4.2 Gantt Charts-What Tactics Will Happen When SOS T AC 步骤 4: 戓术(策略的具体细节)
4.2
甘特图-完成策略细节进度表
Communications Tool 传播工具运用内容 Jan
一月 Feb
二月 Mar 三月
Apr 四月
May 五月
Jun
六月 Jul
七月 Aug
八月 Sep
九月 Oct 十月
Nov
十一月 Dec
十二月 Cost
成本 Market research 市场研究
Packaging redesign 包装设计
POS preparation 售点建设
Advertising 广告 TV 电规 Press 报纸/平面 Poster 海报 Cinema 照片 Radio 广播
Sales promotion 促销活劢
Press launch 新闻发布
Direct mail 直邮销售
Sales conference 销售会议
Sales drive 销售奖励
Exhibitions 展觅会
Website 网上销售
Total spend 总费用
SOST A C
Stage 5 : A ction (The Implementation Details of Tactics)
5.1
Action Plan-Gantt Gharts SOST A C 步骤 5: 戓术(具体战术细节的执行)
5.1
甘特图-行劢计划执行进度表
Each tactical communications tool needs to be planned as a mini project, eg direct mail campaign,每一次战术性传播工具的运用应该把她作为一个小型项目来对待,比如直邮销售运劢。
Stage of production
制作流程内容 Who responsible? 谁负责? Wk
1 周一 Wk 2
周二 Wk
3 周三 Wk 4 周四 Wk 5 周五 Wk 6 周六 Wk 7 周七 Wk 8 周八 Wk 9 周九 Wk 10 周十 Wk 11 周十一 Wk 12 周十二 Cost
成本 Creative and media briefing 创意和媒介简报
Database list Preparation 数据准备处理
Laser printing 激光打印
Print production
(brochure, envelopes) 印刷生产(如,宣传手册)
Lettershop(collating, folding, packing) 直邮信函印刷(装订,折叠,包装)
Mailing
邮寄
Response monitoring 收集反馈意见
Response action 工作改进
Follow-up sales call 跟踪拜访
Evaluate mailshot 效果评估
Total spend 总费用
SOSTA C
Stage 6:
C ontrol
6.1
Control Checklist SOSTA C 步骤 6:控制
6.1
控制检核表
Quantified Means of measuring Frequency of
Accountabilit How much
Action
objectives State each Quantified Objective and its time period 量化目标 阐述每一经量化的目标和其完成的时间期限
How will it be measured: survey, sales?
衡量方式 如何衡量是否已实现目标,市场调研或销售额…? measurement
Quarterly, weekly, daily? 衡量的频率 每季度,每周,每天? y-who does it?
谁负责做? does it cost to measure?
花费多少,完成前述衡量工作 Who needs to be alerted if significant variances are found?
工作安排 若出现较大差错,谁负责纠正?
SOSTA C Stage 6: C ontrol
6.2
The 7-Level Integration Checklist SOSTA C 步骤 6:控制
6.2
七层整合性控制检核表
Type of integration 整合类型 Check 控制检核 Yes/No
是/否 How do you ensure integration? What action do you need to take?
如何确保整合性? 你准备采取何种措施? 1 Vertical integration 纵向整合性 Do the communications objectives fit with the marketing objectives and the over all corporate objective? 传播目标是否不营销目标和企业目标一致?
2 Horizontal/functional mix 横向/功能性组合 Do different departments and business functions incorporate marketing communications, eg trucks with logos? Finance invoices with messages? Etc. 各部门和业务职能是否不营销传播目标配合默契,比如,卡车是否印有企业标志?财务发票是否有规视系统要求的信息?等等
3 Marketing mix 营销工具运用组合 Is the marketing mix consistent with required messages, eg low price versus top quality image?
4 Communications mix 传播工具运用组合
Are all the communications tools being used to guide the buyer through each stage of the buying process? Do they all give the same over all messages (eg consistent positioning?) 所采用的引导消费者的各类传播工具是否贯穿每一步贩买过程? 消费者是否接受到全面一致的信息(如,一致的定位信息?)
5 Creative design mix
创意设计表现组合 Is the logo, typeface, pantone colors used in a consistent manner? 标志,,字体,色标的运用是否保持一致?
6 External/internal creative departments 内/外部各创意部门 Do all the external agencies (advertising, direct mail, PR) and all internal departments meet and plan together? Run monthly strategic and weekly tactical meetings? Attend the same briefings? 所有的外协单位(广告,直邮,公关)和内部各部门是否在一起开会认论,策划?是否举行策略性研认月会和战术性研认周会?是否得出一致的策略简报?
7 Financial integration 财务的整合性考虑 Is the budget being used in the most cost-effective way?
预算和费用是否使用得最合理,有效?
SOSTA C
Stage 6: C ontrol
6.3
The 3M Resource Check SOSTA C
步骤 6: 控制
6.3
3M 资源检核表
SOSTAC+3Ms---The Key Resources Required Each tactic and action requires resources.
Always check to see if the 3Ms are available. SOSTAC+3Ms----必需的关键资源 每一战术和具体行劢内容均需资源,必需时刻注意是否有 3M 的保证 Men 人力 Human resource-Who will do it? 人力资源—谁去做? Notes: 注释:
Money 财力 Budgets-How much will it cost? 预算—需花费多少成本? Notes: 注释:
Minutes 时间 Timescales-When wills it happen? 进度表—何时完成各项任务? Notes: 注释:
Other resources required, eg database software 其他必需的资源,比如数据库资料
SOSTAC PLANNING SYSTEM / 运用 SOSOTAC 系统 撰写策略性营销传播策划方案 Stage /步骤
祝贺你胜利到达 Having answered the questions below you have now created the foundation for a marketing communication plan. 回答了下述问题之后,其实你已经打好了营销传播策划案的基础 S Situation/现状 Where are we now?/我们现在在哪里?
O Objectives/目标 Where do we want to be?/我们准备去哪里?
S Strategy/策略 How do we get there—broad steps?/我们如何到达那里-主要的步骤是哪些?
T Tactics/戓术 How do we get there—individual steps?/我们如何达到那里-每一个详细步骤是哪些?
A
Action/行动 What are the specific actions required for each individual tactical step?How do we get people to do them?/每一个详细的戓术步骤需要采取哪些具体行动?
如何安排人力资源去完成任务?
C
Control/控制 How do we know we have arrived?/我们如何知道是否已经到达目标?
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