基于《中国方剂数据库》挖掘五味子应用的配伍规律
中国方剂数据库》中有关五味子方剂进行系统的收集、整理、挖掘，探讨其应用配伍规律。方法：选取《中国方剂数据库》，筛选整理出包含五味子的方剂，借助SPSS 19.0统计软件与SPSS 14.2统计软件等数据挖掘软件，对相关数据进行药物频数频率、性味归经、主治分析、因子分析、关联规则分析等，从而对其基本用药及药物配伍规律进行分析。结果：共筛选631首有关五味子的方剂，除五味子外共涉及中药217味，共计使用16类中药，使用频数最多的前3类药物有补虚药、化痰止咳平喘药、解表药。五味子常与温性药物、甘味及苦味药物进行配伍。五味子最常出现于治疗肺系病证的方剂中，频率高达55.09%，其次常用于治疗脾胃病证。五味子与一些高频药物的药量配伍比例以常以1∶1为主，通过对高频药物进行因子分析，提取出23个公因子。关联规则分析显示共得到与五味子配伍有意义的药对及含五味子的药组共39个，其中包括20条二元矩阵、13条三元矩阵、6条四元矩阵的药对与药组关联规则。结论：通过对含五味子方剂以及与五味子配伍的中药探讨得出，常与五味子配伍的药类为补虚药，与五味子构成的方剂一般以治疗肺系疾病居多，因子分析显示可将23个公因子概括为常与五味子配伍的中药，关联规则显示五味子→人参、甘草，五味子→茯苓、人参、甘草等为常用药组。这些不仅体现了医家们理、法、方、药及辨证用药的规律，同时也为现代医家组方用药以及新药研制提供参考。
关键词 五味子;配伍规律;数据挖掘;频数频率分析;因子分析;关联规则分析
Abstract Objective：To systematically collect，sort out and excavate prescriptions of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis in TCM Formula Database by data mining technology，and to explore the application and compatibility rules.Methods：Based on TCM Formula Database，the prescriptions containing Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis was screened out and collected.With the aid of the IBM SPSS Statistics with IBM SPSS Modeler 19.0 14.2 data mining software，the frequency，nature，flavor，channel tropism，indication analysis，factor analysis，association rules analysis were conducted，thus its basic drugs and drug compatibility law was analyzed.Results：A total of 631 prescriptions related to Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were screened.In addition to Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis，a total of 217 traditional Chinese medicines were involved，with totally 16 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines used.The top 3 kinds of drugs used most frequently were deficiency tonifying，phlegm-resolving，cough-relieving and asthma-relieving drugs and superficies-relieving drugs.Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis was often combined with warm，sweet and bitter medicines.Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis was commonly used in the prescriptions for the treatment of pulmonary diseases，with a frequency as high as 55.09%，followed by spleen-stomach diseases.The dosage ratio of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis and some high-frequency drugs was usually 1∶1.By factor analysis of high frequency drugs，23 common factors were extracted.The analysis of association rules showed that 39 pairs of drugs with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis and drug groups containing Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were obtained，including 20 pairs of binary matrices，13 ternary matrices and 6 quaternion matrices.Conclusion：Through discussing the prescription containing Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis and its compatibility with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis，the herbs that often combined with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis are deficiency tonifying，and the prescriptions consisting of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis are mostly used to treat pulmonary diseases.Factor analysis shows that 23 common factors can be generalized as Chinese medicine which is often compatible with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis.The association rules showed that Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis→Radix Ginseng，Radix Glycyrrhizae，and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis，Poria，Radix Ginseng，Radix Glycyrrhizae and so on were the commonly used medication groups.These not only embody the rules of physician′s principles，methods，prescriptions，medicines and syndrome differentiation，but also provide reference for modern physician′s prescription medication and new drug development.