性诱剂在楚雄烟区应用效果及效益分析
摘要
[目的]验证性诱剂防治斜纹夜蛾、小地老虎效果及对烟叶经济效益的影响。[方法]调查和分析了2013年楚雄州性诱剂和化学药剂防治后斜纹夜蛾、小地老虎的诱蛾量、百株虫量、为害株率、防治效果及成本投入和经济效益。[结果]烟株大田生育中后期斜纹夜蛾诱蛾量最多，小地老虎诱蛾量在苗期和大田生育前期较多。性诱区提前诱杀成虫，有效减少了斜纹夜蛾、小地老虎幼虫数量，幼虫危害时间分别减少了70和5 d，降低了为害株率，与对照相比防治效果分别为97.27%和61.93%，而化防区斜纹夜蛾防效仅为6.02%，小地老虎则为负防效（-42.58%）。性诱区与化防区相比，节约材料成本181.35元/hm2，减少0.5个工作日，减少杀虫剂使用2次，有效保护了天敌种群数量，性诱区百株蚜茧蜂、食蚜蝇、瓢虫数量分别是化防区的2.50、18.86、1.17倍，同时，性诱区降低了害虫为害机率，提高了烟叶外观质量，经济效益提高了7 752.75～8 156.25元/hm2。[结论]性诱剂防治烟草夜蛾能有效提高害虫防治效果，降低生产成本，减少烟农劳动量和劳动强度，减少化学农药的使用次数和使用量，降低烟叶农药残留，保护害虫天敌，具有良好的经济、社会、环境和生态效益。
关键词性诱剂;斜纹夜蛾;小地老虎;防治效果;效益分析
中图分类号S482.3+8文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）01-076-04
Analysis on Application Effect and Benefit of Using Sex Pheromone in Tobaccogrowing Area of Chuxiong State
YU Qing1， MO Xiaohan1， DUAN Hongwei2 et al
（1. Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences， Kunming， Yunnan 650021; 2. Chuxiong Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Chuxiong， Yunnan 675000）
Abstract[Objective] To test and verify sex pheromone control effects on the prevention of Spodoptera litura and Agrotis ypsilon and the economic benefits of tobacco leaves. [Method] Investigated and analyzed the application of sex pheromone and pesticides to prevent Spodoptera litura and Agrotis ypsilon in Chuxiong state in 2013， and compared their different effects on insect trapping amount， insect amount per one hundred tobacco plants， damage percentage， control effect， the cost of inputs and economic benefits. [Result] The trapping amount of Spodoptera litura was the largest during the middle and later tobacco plants growth duration after transplant， and the trapping amount of Agrotis ypsilon was larger during seedling stage and the early tobacco plants growth duration after transplant. Using sex pheromone to control injurious insect can trap and kill imagoes ahead of time， and effectively reduce larva amounts and damage percentage， and reduce larvae damage time that was 70 days of Spodoptera litura and 5 days of Agrotis ypsilon. Compared with using pesticides， the sex pheromone control effects were 97.27% of Spodoptera litura and 61.93% of Agrotis ypsilon， while using pesticides was 6.02% of Spodoptera litura and （-42.58%） of Agrotis ypsilon. Compared with using pesticides， using sex pheromone saved 181.35 yuan/hm2 material costs and reduced 0.5 workday per 666.7 m2， meanwhile reduced using 2 times of pesticides. Using sex pheromone effectively protected the quantity of their natural enemies in the controlling area， such as Aphidius matricariae， Syrphidae and Coccinellidae， which were respectively 2.50， 18.86 and 1.17 times of using pesticides area. Meanwhile， in using sex pheromone area the damage percentage reduced， the tobacco appearance quality increased and the economic benefit increased by 7 752.75-8 156.25 yuan/hm2. [Conclusion] Using sex pheromone to trap noctuid effectively increased control effect， reduced production cost， decreased sum of labor and labor intensity of tobacco grower， decreased pesticides use and pesticide residue， and protected natural enemies of pests， and brought better economic， social， environmental and ecological benefits.