肠浒苔多糖的羧甲基化修饰及其抗氧化活性研究
评价不同羧甲基化肠浒苔多糖的抗氧化活性。(3)当羧甲基化肠浒苔多糖的浓度为1.6 mg·mL-1时,羧甲基化肠浒苔多糖清除羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的能力分别为44.45%、51.98%,其清除DPPH自由基清除率和还原能力分别为16.75%、0.457 6。(4)与修饰前的相比,羟基自由基、超氧阴离子的清除能力均有较大幅度提高,羧甲基化修饰对肠浒苔多糖的DPPH自由基和还原力有减弱作用。以上结果表明,羧甲基化修饰引起的肠浒苔多糖的结构变化可以提高其抗氧化活性。
关键词:肠浒苔, 多糖, 羧甲基化修饰, 取代度, 抗氧化活性
中图分类号:Q946.3
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3142(2019)11-1519-08
Abstract:Enteromorpha intestinalis polysaccharides carboxymethylation(EIPC) were made in the NaOH-chloroacetic acid chemical reaction system to obtain carboxymethylated gut polysaccharides with different degrees of substitution. The degree of substitution was affected by the sodium hydroxide concentration, the reaction temperature and the reaction time. The results were as follows:(1) When the sodium hydroxide concentration was 20%, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, and the reaction time was 3 h, the maximum degree of substitution for carboxymethylation was 0.781.(2) The antioxidant activities of different polysaccharide carboxymethylations of Enteromorpha intesinalis were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant.(3) At the concentration of EPIC wsa 1.6 mg·mL-1, the scavenging activity to hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical were 44.45% and 51.98%, the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical and reducing ability were 16.75% and 0.457 6.(4) Compared with the pre-modification, the scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion were greatly improved, and the carboxymethylation modification had a weakening effect on DPPH free radicals and reducing power of polysaccharides. The above results indicate that the structural changes of the polysaccharides caused by carboxymethylation can increase its antioxidant activity.
Key words:Enteromorpha intestinalis, polysaccharide, carboxymethyl modification, substituting degrees, antioxidant activity
浒苔是一种大型绿藻,具有较大经济价值,民间称苔条、海苔,为绿藻门石莼目石莼科植物。浒苔属在全世界范围内,已经发现的约有40种,我国约有11种,我国的品种主要有小管浒苔、肠浒苔、条浒苔、扁浒苔等四种,都是生长在潮湿地带(孙士红,2007)。浒苔藻体晾干或风干后既可以作为中草药使用,又可以做成食品或者加工成饲料。浒苔中营养成分种类多,含量丰富,含有人体必需的维生素、氨基酸、多种矿物质和脂肪酸(吴闯等,2013)。浒苔多糖具有多种生物学活性,现有的文献报道了其活性作用主要体现在抗氧化、免疫调节、降血脂和抗肿瘤等方面(Kim et al.,2011;石学连等,2009;Jiao et al.,2009;林文庭和张智芳,2009;陈芳容等,2012;Li et al.,2013;Jiao et al.,2010)。
对多糖进行合理的化学修饰可以改变多糖的生物活性(Wang et al.,2013)。目前,對多糖化学修饰或分子修饰的常见方法分为化学法、物理法和生物法,其中在生产中使用较多的一种处理方法是羧甲基化(申林卉等,2013;付满等,2019)。研究表明,多糖经过羧甲基化修饰处理后,可以显著提高其水溶性,且其生物活性得到显著增强或者被赋予新的生物活性(陈胜军等,2019)。Parvathy et al.(2005)报道了羧甲基化半乳-甘露聚糖的溶解度显著提高。王雁等(2000)通过修饰得到羧甲基化虎奶多糖,虎奶多糖几乎不溶于水,修饰后的溶解性最高可达30 mg·mL-1,大大增加了机体对其的吸收率,且修饰后的多糖对Fe2+-VC引起的大鼠肝脏线粒体脂质过氧化显著抑制,对膜流动性的降低有良好的抑制效果,同时还能抑制线粒体的肿胀。
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