油菜叶片营养物质含量和防御酶活性与其对黄宽条跳甲抗性的关系
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摘要 春油菜是内蒙古地区主要的油料作物，黄宽条跳甲Phyllotreta humilis Weise是春油菜苗期的重要害虫。实验室通过前期研究筛选了2个抗虫品种（‘大黄油菜’和‘太空蒙Ⅳ’）和1个感虫品种（‘青油14’），研究了不同品种油菜营养物质含量和防御酶活性与其对黄宽条跳甲抗性的关系。结果显示，不同抗虫性品种油菜苗期受黄宽条跳甲为害程度为：‘青油14’>‘大黄油菜’>‘太空蒙Ⅳ’，为害最高峰时为害指数分别为0.60>0.46>0.35。3个品种油菜可溶性糖含量为‘青油14’（5.24 mg/g）>‘大黄油菜’（5.10 mg/g）>‘太空蒙Ⅳ’（3.87 mg/g），可溶性糖含量越低，抗虫性越强;叶绿素则与之相反，含量越高抗虫性越强，3个品种油菜叶绿素含量分别为‘青油14’（0.49 mg/g）<‘大黄油菜’（0.78 mg/g）<‘太空蒙Ⅳ’（0.95 mg/g），且差異显著;可溶性蛋白与抗虫性没有明显的相关性。防御酶方面，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性与抗虫性密切相关，抗虫品种酶活性显著大于感虫品种;多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与抗虫性关系不明显。抗虫品种‘太空蒙Ⅳ’胰蛋白酶抑制剂（TI）活性是‘青油14’的1.85倍，胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂（CI）活性不同品种间没有差异。油菜对黄宽条跳甲的抗虫性与油菜叶片可溶性糖和叶绿素含量有关，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和过氧化物酶（POD）对抗虫性影响大，胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性越高，油菜抗虫性越强。
关键词 油菜; 黄宽条跳甲; 为害指数; 营养物质; 防御酶
中图分类号： S 436.35， S 433.1
文献标识码： ADOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018291
Abstract Spring rape is a major oil crop in Inner Mongolia. Phyllotreta humilis Weise is a serious pest of rape during the seedling stage. Two insectresistant varieties （‘Dahuang Rape’ and ‘Space Meng Ⅳ’） and one susceptible variety （‘Qingyou 14’） were chosen to study the resistance mechanism. In the three rape varieties tested， the damages caused by P.humilis could be arranged as followed： ‘Qingyou 14’>‘Dahuang Rape’>‘Space Meng Ⅳ’ during the seedling stage， and the damage index was ‘Qingyou 14’ （0.60）>‘Dahuang Rape’ （0.46）>‘Space Meng Ⅳ’ （0.35） during the peak period. The resistance index decreased with increasing amount of soluble sugars， and increased with increasing contents of chlorophyll. The amount of soluble sugars could be arranged as followed： ‘Qingyou 14’ （5.24 mg/g）>‘Dahuang Rape’ （5.10 mg/g）>‘Space Meng Ⅳ’（3.87 mg/g）; the content of chlorophyll could be arranged as followed： ‘Qingyou 14’（0.49 mg/g） <‘Dahuang Rape’ （0.78 mg/g）<‘Space Meng Ⅳ’（0.95 mg/g）. The contents of soluble proteins had no correlation with the resistance of three tested rape cultivars. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and peroxidase （POD） in resistant varieties were higher than that of susceptible variety， but there was no significant difference in the activities of polyphenoloxidase （PPO） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） among different varieties. The trypsin inhibitor （TI） activity of ‘Space Meng Ⅳ’ was 1.85 times higher than that of ‘Qingyou 14’. There was no difference in chymotrypsin inhibitor （CI） activity between different varieties of rape. The resistance of rape was related with the content of soluble sugars and chlorophyll. The activities of PAL and POD could affect the resistance of rape， and the resistance index of rape increased with increasing activity of TI.