金针菇菌株农艺性状评价及遗传多样性分析
评价金针菇菌株的农艺性状及其遗传多样性，为金针菇种质资源分类鉴定、保藏及遗传育种等提供理论参考。【方法】采用拮抗对峙试验、ISSR标记分析和农艺性状测定相结合的方法综合分析29株采自山东和江苏地区的金针菇菌株遗传多样性，并利用NTSYSpc 2.11F计算菌株间遗传相似系数，采用非加权配对算数平均法（UPGMA）构建聚类树状图。【结果】29株金针菇菌株间有246组发生拮抗反应，有160组未发生拮抗反应。供试菌株的菌盖和菌柄颜色有黄色、浅黄色、乳白色和白色4种，菌柄长度15.00～21.20 cm，菌盖直径0.73～1.72 cm，单袋产量332～513 g，生育期41～68 d。白色或乳白色金针菇菌株的生物学效率为73.0%～102.6%，生育期48～68 d;黄色或浅黄色金针菇菌株的生物学效率为66.4%～87.2%，生育期41～58 d，表明白色或乳白色金针菇菌株较黄色或浅黄色菌株產量较高，商品性状优良，但生育期较长。筛选出的8条ISSR引物共计扩增多态性位点270个，多态性比率为94%。供试金针菇菌株遗传相似系数为0.860～0.900，在遗传相似系数0.870处，29株金针菇菌株可分为五大类群。【结论】菌株间是否发生拮抗反应与菌株子实体颜色无关。江苏和山东两地区的金针菇菌株具有较丰富的遗传差异和遗传多样性，但亲缘关系较近。
关键词： 金针菇;遗传多样性;农艺性状;ISSR;拮抗反应;遗传相似系数
中图分类号： S646.150.24 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2018）12-2371-08
Agronomic traits evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of Flammulina filiformis
YANG He-chuan， TAN Yi-luo， SU Wen-ying， QIN Yu-ying，
MA Teng， ZHOU Zhen-ling， PU Han-chun*
（Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lianyungang， Jiangsu 222000， China）
Abstract：【Objective】To provide valuable references for identification， protection and breeding of Flammulina filiformis，the agronomic traits and genetic diversity of F. filiformis strains were analyzed. 【Method】Antagonistic reaction，ISSR marker analysis and agronomic traits test were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 29 tested strains from Shandong and Jiangsu. The genetic similarity coefficient among tested strains was calculated by NTSYSpc 2.11F， and the clustering tree was constructed by unweighted pairwise arithmetic average method（UPGMA）. 【Result] In the antagonistic reaction，246 groups had antagonistic phenomenon and 160 groups did not in the 29 strains. There were four types of strain cap and stipe color：yellow，light yellow，milky white and white. The length of the stipe was 15.00-21.20 cm，the diameter of the cap was 0.73-1.72 cm，and the yield of single bag was 332-513 g. The growth period was 41-68 d. The biological efficiency of white and milky strains was 73.0%-102.6%，and the growth period was 48-68 d. The biological efficiency of yellow and light yellow strains was 66.4%-87.2%，and the growth period was 41-58 d，indicating that the yield of white and milky F. filiformis strains were generally higher than the yellow and light yellow strains，and their commodity characters were fine， but the growth period was relatively longer. A total of two hundred and seventy polymorphic sites were amplified by eight ISSR primers，and the percentage of polymorphism was 94%. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 29 tested strains ranged from 0.860 to 0.900. All the twenty-nine strains could be clustered into five groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.870. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the antagonistic reaction between F. filiformis strains is independent of the fruit body color. F. filiformis strains in Jiangsu and Shandong have rich genetic differences and gene-tic diversity， but their genetic relationship is relatively close.