高频非晶合金轴向磁通永磁电机不同冷却方案温度场分析
文章编号:1007-449X(2018)02-0000-00
收稿日期基金项目作者简介:
通信作者:唐任远Temperature field analysis ofa high frequency amorphous alloy axial
flux permanent magnet machine with different cooling schemes
SUN Mingcan1,2,TANG Renyuan1,HAN Xueyan1,TONG Wenming1
(1.National Engineering Research Center for Rareearth Permanent Magnetic Machines,
Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870,China;
2. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Qilu University of Technology,Jinan 250353,China)
Abstract:According to the large eddy current loss and temperature rise of permanent magnets (PMs) exists in high frequency amorphous alloy(AA) axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM) machines, the cooling effect comparisons between the cooling system with water channels in stator connecting plates and water ponds fixed on end covers were executed. For the former, the temperature rise results of PMs with different channel numbers and water velocities were calculated, the selection rules of channel number ware given. For the latter, the influences of cooling system with or without spoilers and there shapes and locations were analyzed, and the head losses of the above several schemes were carried on. The PMs temperature rises and head losses of stator connecting cooling system and water pond cooling system without spoiler were calculated, the results proved that the stator cooling system is more suitable for the AA AFPM machine. Finally, the temperature rise test for a water pond without spoiler 7kW AA AFPM machine was executed, and the results have validated the temperature predictions.
Keywords:axial flux permanent magnet machine; cooling system; temperature field; spoiler; temperature rise
0引言
高頻非晶合金AFPM电机由变频器供电时,在空间磁场谐波和电流时间谐波的共同作用下,永磁体上涡流损耗较大[1-2],永磁体发热严重。对于双定子单转子AFPM电机来说,永磁体上的热量传递路径主要有两条,一是通过定转子间气隙传递到定子上,然后再由定子传递到冷却系统上。一是经过转子支架传递到转轴,然后再经转轴、轴承、端盖,最终传递到冷却系统上。因此,铁心导热系数的大小很大程度上决定了永磁体上的热量能不能快速向外传递。而非晶合金的导热系数不及硅钢片的一半,根据牛顿散热定律,对于非晶合金AFPM电机,若想经过定子传递与硅钢片电机相同的热量,需要进一步提高定子两侧的温差,也即是需要提高冷却系统的冷却能力。因此,对于高频非晶合金AFPM电机,性能优异的冷却系统对其正常运行显得尤为重要。
一些学者对径向磁通永磁电机的冷却系统进行了研究[3-8],对AFPM电机冷却系统的研究较少。文献[9]提出了一种机内直水道结构,即在AFPM电机内加装冷却水管,用以对电机内的空气进行冷却,以降低转子盘温度。但这种冷却结构加工工艺复杂,如在电机中应用则会提高电机制造成本。文献[10]针对AFPM电机散热面积较径向磁通永磁电机小的问题,提出采用外部风冷对电机进行冷却,并利用有限元对风冷时电机温升进行了计算。但风冷存在噪声大、易受灰尘干扰、散热效果较水冷差的问题。对于高功率密度的高频非晶合金AFPM电机,风冷限制了其功率密度进一步提高。为此,本文主要研究水冷冷却结构。